[Intensive care nurses' reaction to futile cares:a phenomenological study]

Introduction: Emotional stress due to futile care is very high and decreasing level of futile care can result in decrease of stress and increase nurses' job satisfaction

Objective: This study aimed to determine intensive care nurses' reaction to futile cares

Methods: In this qualitative study, a phenomenological approach was used. This study was conducted to understand ICU nurses' reaction to futile cares. Personal interview and observation was used for data collection.All interviews were recorded and coded and analyzed by Van Manen analytical method

Results: In this study 25 ICU nurses participated in personal interview. In primary coding 82 codes were extracted. In process of analysis and constant comparison of data, codes decreased to 78. Finally six categories, 17 subcategories and 2 themes emerged. These themes included robotic care and ethic-emotional conflict

Conclusion: Futile care causes the emotional exhaustion and moral distress for intensive care unit nurses. Lack of guidelines for nurses' practice futile care situation is among essential nursing care problems. Therefore in order to decrease futile care and its effects in nurses, health palnners should develop appropriate interventions to overcome existant barriers

Study on the correlation between serum androgens and sexual function in post-menopausal women

Sexual dysfunction could be influenced by menopause and related hormonal changes. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between serum levels of androgens and sexual function in post-menopausal women. This is a community-based, descriptive-analytical study involving 405 post-menopausal women, aged 40 to 65 years, who had reached menopause during the three years prior to the study. A multi-stage, randomized sampling was conducted. Data was collected using the Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire, and blood samples were obtained to assess serum levels of androgens [testosterone, DHEAS], SHBG and estradiol. Among subjects, 61% had female sexual dysfunction [FSD]. Total testosterone levels had a negative correlation with scores in the domain of desire [r=-0.108, P=0.029], DHEAS levels were positively correlated with scores in the domain of pain [r=0.113, P=0.022] and the free estradiol index [FEI] was also positively correlated with scores in the domain of pain [r=0.115, P=0.020]. Satisfaction with marital relationship had a significant positive correlation with total testosterone levels [r=0.131, P=0.008] and the free androgen index [FAI] [r=0.100, P=0.044]. Examining the correlation between FSFI scores and hormone levels, multiple regression analysis showed that serum levels of total testosterone and FAI were predicting factors, in the domains of lubrication [P=0.042] and satisfaction [P=0.021] respectively. Androgenic hormones can affect certain aspects of sexual function in post-menopausal women, subject, which, however, requires further investigation

[Mimetical signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders in healthy pregnant women, a population based study]

Introduction: Although for thyroid disorders are the second most prevalent endocrine abnormalities among reproductive aged women, the signs and symptoms of thyroid disease can often be masked by the physiologic changes of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify physiological signs and symptoms common to both pregnancy and thyroid disorders among a community based sample of pregnant women without thyroid dysfunction

Materials and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1600 pregnant women. A comprehensive questionnaire including questions regarding the signs and symptoms of thyroid disease was completed for subjects and relevant clinical examinations were conducted. Blood samples were taken and serum thyroxine [T4], T-uptake, thyrotropin [TSH] and thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPO-Ab] were measured

Results: Of study participants, 63.5% had normal thyroid function. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 3.8%, and 0.8%, respectively and 29.8% of patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. Of pregnant women without thyroid dysfunction, 64.8% had one or more of the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders. Most common symptoms were fatigue [30.3%], followed by lethargy and drowsiness [20.3%]

Conclusion: Normal physiological changes of pregnancy can mimic some of the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders. The results indicated that over half of the healthy pregnant women experienced one or more of the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Correct interpretation of signs and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction during normal pregnancy is critical to discriminate between physiologic and pathological changes

[Developing and psychometric properties check list of clinical competency in mental health nursing students]

Introduction: One of the challenges in the medicine education system is evaluation of clinical competency of students. Evaluation of students in clinical education courses sometimes is not following a certain principles and also it is not clear that how much they reach to educational objectives at the end of courses. Aim of this study was developing and psychometric properties assessing psychometric properties of check list of clinical competency in mental health nursing students

Methods: This study was methodological approach. Participants were faculty members, head nurses and nurses who work in psychiatric wards and students [undergraduate and master sciences] of Medical Sciences universities of Iran. Based on entry criteria, sampling approach was depending on objective. Domains of tool developed with use of results of first step of research[qualitative part] in addition to study of valid references this filed .After developing primary check list, stages of psychometric properties including determination of validity[content and facial] and reliability[internal consistency and inter-observer correlation] developed. In order to analyze the data descriptive and analytic statistics with SPSS [20th version] were used

Results: Check list of "Clinical Competency of Mental Health Nursing Students" with 73 items was developed. Content validity ratio was. 83 and content validity index was. 98. Measurment of reliability with the use of internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha] was .98 and inter-observer correlation was.70

Conclusion: Check list of "Clinical Competency of Mental Health Nursing Students" in two issues include general and specific competencies with 73 items was developed .It seems for assessment of different dimensions of clinical competencies of mental health nursing students is appropriate tool

[Comparison of pregnancy self-care, perceived social support and perceived stress of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women]

Pregnancy complicated by diabetes requires increasing health care resources for controlling sugar levels during pregnancy and reduce the severe perinatal consequences. Now a days changing lifestyle patterns have changed susceptibility to disease. This study was conducted to determine and compare some of the lifestyle factors [pregnancy self-care, perceived social support and perceived stress] of women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women. A comparative- descriptive study was conducted on 100 pregnant women with definite diagnosis of gestational diabetes [diabetic group] and 100 healthy pregnant women [controls] attending teaching health centers affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire related to pregnancy self-care, perceived social support and perceived stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software. Demographics and obstetrics variables were similar in the diabetes and the controls groups mean pregnancy self-care score was 71.9 and 81.87, respectively [P<0.001], mean perceived social support the was 65.75 and 73.88, respectively [P<0.001], and mean score of perceived stress was 51.57 and 60.27, respectively [P<0.001]. Study results showed that pregnant women with gestational diabetes had less self-care, social support and perceived stress. This study further reveals the importance of women's self-care and perceived social support during pregnancy. The incidence of gestational diabetes can be prevented through increased awareness and education of pregnant women regarding appropriate lifestyles during pregnancy and any interventions that could improve them

Application of FBAT-MM and fbat-lc multimarker methods in association of selected microsatellites with hdl-c in families with metabolic syndrome members: tehran lipid and glucose study

Studying several linked markers provides more information on locating disease genes locus by using genetic association analysis. The aims of this study were to introduce Multimarker Family Base Association Tests [FBAT-MM] and its Linear Combination [FBAT-LC] in multimarker genetic association analysis and to examine the association of selected microsatellites with HDL-C in an Iranian population. One hundred twenty five [1 25] families having at least one member with metabolic syndrome and at least two members with low HDL-C were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. Multimarker genetic association of HDL-C level with some microsatellites in the chromosomes 8, 11, 12, and 1 6 were examined using FBAT-MM and FBAT-LC methods. The families consisted of 563 individuals [269 males and 294 females]. FBAT-MM showed significant genetic association only between HDL-C and three microsatellites in Chromosome 1 1 [P<0.05]. The microsatellite Dl 1 SI 304 was found as the significant factor for multimarker genetic association. FBAT-MM and FBAT-LC did not show shortcomings such as excessive conservatism and low power which are, usually, observed in other multimarker methods. Finding microsatellites associated with HDL-C level can provide background for further researches on the role of predisposing genes in metabolic syndrome

Violence toward nurses at emergency rooms [ERs] of hospitals of Medical Universities in Tehran

ER nurses are at risk of violence due to the nature of their job and confrontation with a variety of patients as well as heavy workload. This can, in turn, leads to decreased quality of care. This descriptive study was conducted to identify prevalence and causes of violence toward nurses at ERs of hospitals affiliated with Medical Universities in Tehran. 100 nurses with at least 1 year continuous experience at ER were included in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained items including demographics, frequency and characteristics of violence at work [physical, verbal, nonverbal] and the factors involved. Content and test-retest as well as internal consistency [Cronbach's a] methods were used for Validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS package. The most frequent type of violence was verbal [87%]. The frequencies of nonverbal and physical violence were 70% and 28% respectively. The most common type of verbal violence was yelling [84%] and, in physical violence, it was throwing objects [33%]. In nonverbal violence, insulting and threatening look [64%] and hitting on the table were very common. Verbal [48.2%] and nonverbal [65.8%] violence was committed mostly over the past month of the study and at nights. The subjects [38%] experienced verbal violence up to 5 times. The most frequent cause of violence [77%] was the lack of control over entrance of patients' relatives, chi test showed a significant relationship between physical violence and night shifts [P<0.001] and between female sex of nurses and physical violence [P<0.005]. ER nurses usually face with violence in a week and the most frequent types are verbal, nonverbal and physical, leading to decreased speed in delivering efficient care to patients and decreased quality of health care resulted from it

[Comparing the health status of women with wanted and unwanted pregnancy]

Unwanted pregnancy can have negative impacts on maternal health. The aim of this study was to compare the health status of women with wanted and unwanted pregnancies in Kerman, Iran. This case-control was performed on women with wanted [100 cases] and unwanted pregnancies [100 cases] whom refered to health centers in Kerman, Iran during 2010. The tool for data collection included a demographic questionnaire, short form 36 health survey [SF36] and a researcher-made pregnancy's physical health. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were assessed initially prior to study procedure. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-16, Chi-Square, T Student and Mann-Whitney tests. Women with unwanted pregnancies had lower scores for physical and mental health, vaccination and supplement consumption, prenatal care and personal health than women with wanted pregnancies [P<0.05]. Women with unwanted pregnancies had more complications and high risk behavior compared to unwanted pregnancies [P<0.05]. This study indicated that unwanted pregnancies are accompanied with physical and mental health. Thus, special counseling and extra care measures is recommended during unwanted pregnancies. Pregnancy

role of vaginal prolactin in diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes

Premature rupture of membranes [PROM] is one of the most common complications of pregnancy that has a major impact on pregnancy outcomes. A diagnostic tool that is non-invasive, specific and quick is needed to predict PROM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic power of the vaginal washing fluid prolactin for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes and to determine cut-off values. A total of 114 pregnant women were recruited in this diagnostic trial. The PROM group consisted of 54 pregnant women between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation with diagnosis of confirmed PROM [amniotic fluid pooling [+] and Nitrazine paper test [+] and fernt test [+]]. The control group consisted of 60 pregnant women between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation without any complaint or complication. All patients underwent speculum examination for amniotic fluid pooling, nitrazine paper test, fern test, vaginal washing fluid prolactin sampling. Vaginal fluid concentrations of prolactin was significantly different between the two groups [P<0.001]. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were 87.03%, 75.0%, 75.80%, 86.53% and 83.33% in detecting PROM by evaluation of vaginal fluid prolactin concentration with a cut-off value of 9.50 micro IU/ml, respectively. The prolactin levels in the washing fluid of the posterior vaginal fornix in our experience is reliable and non-invasive diagnostic tests of PROM

[Correlation between population characteristics and safety attitude to work of women workers in food factories]

Due to increase of accident work in Iranian women workers, safety attitude is an important factor at work and it should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between demographic characteristics and safety attitude of women workers in food factories. In this descriptive-correlation study, 171 woman workers were selected by multiphase sampling. Data was collected by 2-part questionnaire of demographic characteristics and "Safety Attitude to Work Questionnaire". Validity of the questionnaires was evaluated by CVI [92.10] and CVR [91.11]. In addition, face and reliability were determined by internal consistency [alpha=0.86] and test-retest [r=0.94]]. Result showed that most of the samples had positive safety attitude [81.3%]. In addition, results showed they also indicated that there is a significant correlation between marriage and number of children with safety attitude to work [P>0.01]. Contrary, there was a negative correlation between salary and work experiences with safety attitude [P>0.05]. Other demographic characteristics did not have a significant relationship with safety attitude [P<0.05]. Due to correlation between some demographic characteristics and safety attitude of women workers, further study is suggested for future research

[Effectiveness of the plissit-based counseling on sexual function of women]

Sexual dysfunction is common among women. It affects on all aspects of women's life. Majority of these problems can be treated in early stages with counseling and a few numbers of them need to be treated by specialists. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of PLISSIT-based counseling model on sexual function of women. This was a randomized clinical trial study. It was conducted in an urban health center in Zanjan. Eighty women who were married in the previous 5 years, and had sexual problems, randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received consultation based on PLISSIT model [Permission-limited Information-Specific Suggestion- Intensive Therapy] by a trained midwife and the control group received routine sexual consultation. Demographic and obstetric information were gathered through standard questionnaire. FSFI [Female Sexual Function Index] questionnaire were used for assessing sexual function. Data were collected from participants at three points: before consultation, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after consultation. Mann-Whitney, T-tests and x[2] used for data analysis. Mean scores of sexual function were 25.3 before consultation, 28.8 two weeks after and 29.4 four weeks after consultation in experimental group. These differences were statistically significant [p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively]. In control group, mean scores of sexual function were 24.48, 24.44, 23.74 before, 2 weeks, 4 weeks after consultation respectively. These differences were not statistically significant [p=0.946 and p=0.375]. There was no significant difference in mean score of sexual function between control and experimental groups before intervention [p=0.408]. However 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the consultation this difference was significant [p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively]. Based on the result of this study, we can claim that sexual problem in women decreased by using the PLISSIT model. Using the PLISSIT model is recommended in health care setting.

[ comparison among perspective of doctors, nurses and patients towards nursing advocacy role]

Patient advocacy is one of the most controversial issues in nursing during recent two decades. The purpose of this study was to determine perspective of doctors, nurses and patients towards the advocacy role of nurses about patients in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive- comparative study was conducted on a sample of 329 doctors and 345 nurses and 225 patients, selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a Nursing-Advocacy-Perspective-Scale. The content and construct validity as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability method were assessed and confirmed beforehand. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05. There was a significant difference among the three groups in average scores perspective [p<0/05]. Average scores of patients were higher than nurses and doctors, and nurses average scores were significantly higher than physician [p<0/05]. The nurse managers should promote the role of the facilitator and prevent loss of nursing advocacy and creating opportunities to provide this role in hospitals. In this regard the views of interest groups may help.

Socially-deviant middle eastern women at a great risk of poor reproductive health

It is important to examine scale and scope of the reproductive health among socially-vulnerable women. The study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that as compared to general population, reproductive health is poorer among socially-vulnerable women. We enrolled 100 cases and 203 controls conducted from January 2010 to January 2011. Cases were socially- vulnerable women seeking care from Tehran's Center for Improving Social Health of Socially-Damaged Women [Specific Center for Socially-Vulnerable Women]. Controls were women referring to health centers of Tehran. Mean age of cases and controls were 34.1 years and 33.8 years, respectively. Unwanted pregnancy was reported by 62.9% of cases and 33% of controls. Among socially-vulnerable women, 50.6% of abortions were reported to happen during the period in which they were using drugs. Among cases, 45.7% reported to give birth to low birth weight newborns and for controls was 11.7%. Among cases with low birth weight child, 64.9% used drug during pregnancy. Birth control was reported by 81.5% of cases and 92.8% controls. The most common method of contraception was condom among both cases [66%] and controls [31.2%]. At least one screening test for cervical cancer was reported by 82.8% of controls and for 47% of cases. Mean age at first sexual intercourse was 15.7 years among cases and 20.9 years among controls. Mean Sexual Performance Scale score was lower among cases [22.3] than controls [25.9] and sexual dysfunction was more prevalent among cases [80.6%] than controls [59.1%]. A high prevalence of reproductive health disorders was documented among socially-damaged women as compared to the women from general population

[Genetic association of some haplotypes to level of hdl-c, triglyceride, and waist in family members with metabolic syndrome using haplotype based association test]

Haploytpes are important elements in study of genetic associations. The haplotype based association test [HBAT] is a method to study genetic association of haplotypes with one or more traits. The test statistic in this method, which is calculated for all haplotypes, follows a standard normal distribution. In this study, in order to find the chromosomal area locus of genes affecting metabolic syndromes, the HBAT method was used to investigate the genetic association of haplotypes of some candidate microsatellites with HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist. A sum of 125 families with at least one member having metabolic syndrome according to ATPIII, and at least two members with low HDL-C levels were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. The genetic association of HDL-C, triglycerides, and waist with haplotypes of some microsatellites of chromosome 8, 11, 12, and 16 was studied, using HBAT. Data was obtained for 125 families, consisting of 563 individuals, aged 20 years or above [269 males and 294 females]. Genetic association of the haplotype 2-2-2-2 of chromosome 8 showed significant association with HDL-C and triglycerides. Haplotypes 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 of chromosome 12 showed significant association with triglycerides. In addition, haplotype 1-1-2 of this chromosome was found to be associated with waist [P<0.05]. Researching haplotypes provides more information on genetic associations, and identification of haplotypes influencing HDL-C level, triglycerides, and waist may be helpful in designing future research aimed at determining the genes predisposing persons to metabolic syndrome.

[Effect of peer support groups on promotion of physical health status in multiple sclerosis: testing reed's self-transcendence theory]

Introduction: The Theory of Self-Transcendence proposes that individuals who face human vulnerability or mortality obtain an increased capacity for self- transcendence and its positive influence on well-being. The aim of current study was to determine the effect of Peer Support Groups on promotion of Physical Health Status in Multiple Sclerosis by Testing Reed's Self-Transcendence Theory

Methods and Materials: This study is a before and after quasi-experimental method based on self-transcendence theory that was conducted on 33 patients with confirmed MS participated in 3 peer support groups. Eight weekly 2 hours sessions were held. Data collection tools was Physical aspect of 'Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory' with 78 item and Cronbach's coefficient was 0.93, 'Self-Transcendence Scale' [STS] with 15 item and Cronbach's coefficient was 0.68 that after modifying, it increased to 0.81. Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire [IPQ-R] with 75 items and Cronbach's coefficient was 0.80. Patients completed tools pre- and post of sessions. Data analyzed by SPSS [v.18]

Findings: Illness perception can predict self-transcendence and physical health with 0.7207 effects. Also, self-transcendence can predict physical health with 0.43 effects. New finding was a direct relation between illness perception and physical health [p=0.001] that was not mentioned in Reed's Theory

Conclusions: Based on the results, this theory can be used in research and educational management in nursing and nursing management to improve the physical health of MS patients

In vitro reduction of zearalenone to beta-zearalenol by rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] hepatic microsomal and post-mitochondrial subfractions

Mycoestrogen zearalenone [ZEA] is found in human foods and animal feeds. Its estrogenic potency mainly depends on its biotransformation fate. The hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in rainbow trout was investigated in this study. Various concentrations of ZEA were separately incubated with the hepatic microsomal and post-mitochondrial sub-fractions in the presence of NADPH, and the metabolites were determined by means of HPLC. Moreover, the rate of glucuronidation for ZEA and its reduced metabolites were estimated in the presence of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid. beta-zearalenol [beta-ZOL] was found to be the major metabolite of ZEA by both sub-cellular fractions. The enzymatic kinetics analyses indicated that the alpha-ZOL and beta-ZOL production by microsomal fraction were 8- and 2-fold higher than those by post-mitochondrial fraction, respectively. High percentages of ZEA and its metabolites are conjugated with glucuronic acid at the lower concentrations. Data suggest that the hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in rainbow trout resulted in its detoxification as the main metabolite tends to be beta-ZOL with weak estrogenic property. Moreover, at certain concentrations, the produced metabolites are entirely conjugated with glucuronic acid, which may consequently cause a prolonged duration of action due to entero-hepatic cycle

[Emotional intelligence and its correlation with some demographic variables in the clinical nurses working in Kurdistan university hospitals in 2010]

Nurses must be able to recognize and manage emotions and feelings of themselves and clients; also, they must have good empathic and communication skills. These capabilities are part of the constituent elements of emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was to determine the level of emotional intelligence, its components and its correlation with some demographic variables in nurses working in the hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2010. This descriptive study included 344 nurses. Bar-On questionnaire was used to collect required information. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS-18 software. 86.6% of the subjects were female and 13.4% were male. The majority of nurses [77.8%] had a good level of emotional intelligence. Of the five components of emotional intelligence, interpersonal component with a mean value and SD of 77.2% +/- 12.5% had the highest score. Among the 15 factors related to emotional intelligence, social responsibility, empathy and interpersonal skills with mean values and SD score of 82.16% +/- 14.14, 76.84% +/- 13.74%, and 73.59% +/- 15.64% had the highest score, respectively. Emotional intelligence had no correlation with demographic variables of gender, work background, marital status, university and university degree. The nurses had a good level of emotional intelligence in regard to empathy, social responsibility and interpersonal relationships, but improvement of other skills such as problem solving, control of impulsivity and toleration of psychological pressure are also important because of their importance in nursing care

[Development and psychometric evaluation 'nurse satisfaction of report writing scale]

Introduction: Recording nursing care is an important tool to determine eligibility and evaluation of care interventions. In this regard, satisfaction of nurse with recording could provide correct nursing record. The aim of this study was development and psychometric evaluation 'Nurse Satisfaction of Report Writing Scale'

Materials and methods: This Study is an exploratory study that by review of studies about concept and dimensions of satisfaction and satisfaction of nurses about report writing at primilarinary stage of, satisfaction "Nurse Satisfaction Report Writing Scale" was developed. Content validity was measured using Content Validity Index [Waltz and Basel] by 17 experts and face validity of the scale was assessed using 20 experts in the field of report writing and construct validity were evaluated by review of literature, books, articles, researches and interviews of experts. Moreover, reliability of the scale was determined by internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha] and test-retest [Pearson correlation coefficient]

Findings: At first stage item were developed in the scale and later using content validity index, items with value of more than 75% were retained. Hence, the numbers of items were reduced to 66 numbers. Construct validity of the questionnaire showed 7 factors. Furthermore, the findings showed, internal consistency reliability [Cronbach's alpha] [alpha=0/981] for 7 dimensions and re-test by Pearson correlation coefficient [r=0/912]. In final stage, 15 items were deleted thus total number of items reduced to 51 items

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that questionnaire of nurses with 51 items of the type of report writing Likert is valid and reliable. Due to the lack of valid and reliable scale to measure satisfaction of nurses from report writing, using the scale can be helpful. Measuring other types of validity such as concurrent validity is recommended

Correlation between anxiety in labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women attended to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital

Delivery is a stressful event. It seems that the cervix of an anxious woman does not dilate easily. The purpose of this study was determine the correlation between anxiety during labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women referring to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Behshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital. A descriptive correlational design was used. 200 women were selected via a multistage quota sampling in each hospital. A demographic and obstetrical questionnaire, Spielberg's State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a checklist regarding the condition of the parturient women during hospitalization, duration of labor as well as delivery and Apgar score of the neonate were used for data collection.Data were analysed' using SPSS 16 statistical software. most women experienced moderate anxiety [%53/5].Mean of total time of delivery was 250/87 +/- 150/34 minutes,%94/5 was normal delivery and the mean of apgar score in first minute was 9 and in 5 minute was 10. No significant correlation was found between anxiety in labor room and duration [first, second and third stage] as well as outcome [type and Apgar score] of delivery. Since most women experienced moderate anxiety, midwives and other healthcare workers should consider psychological aspects of mothers in labor rooms and make the atmosphere of these placed favorable addition, preparative educational courses during pregnancy is needed

[ preventative role of sesame oil on phlebitis induced by anti-neoplastic agents]

Phlebitis is an inflammatory response to intravenously injected chemotherapy drugs and the reported incidences about 70% among colorectal cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of external use of Sesame Oil [SO] in prevention of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis. This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 patients with colon or rectum cancer, who randomly divided in two equal, control and intervention groups. This protocol was used 10 drops of SO every 12 hours, two times a day, from the first day of chemotherapy up to the four tenth day, whereas control group received nothing. Data tools included a bipartite questionnaire [demographic Q, clinical Q and Infusion Therapy scale] for measurement of phlebitis. The incidence of phlebitis in intervention group were significantly lower than that in control group [p<0.05]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival was Less than 4 days in the intervention and 8 days more in the control. In addition, there was statistically significant difference between grade and incidence of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis with SO and control group [p<0.05]. This study shows that external use of SO is effective and well tolerated for prophylaxis from chemotherapy- induced phlebitis. Therefore, it can be suggest as a selected Prevention method for reducing the complication